Builtins
There are lot of builtin functions (no need to import them) that are always available.
https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html
Some example that we already saw:
print()
len()
pow()
int()
str()
type()
isinstance()
range()
sum()
,max()
,min()
,enumerate()
,round()
...
But there are much more of them!
Built-in Functions | ||||
abs() | dict() | help() | min() | setattr() |
all() | dir() | hex() | next() | slice() |
any() | divmod() | id() | object() | sorted() |
ascii() | enumerate() | input() | oct() | staticmethod() |
bin() | eval() | int() | open() | str() |
bool() | exec() | isinstance() | ord() | sum() |
bytearray() | filter() | issubclass() | pow() | super() |
bytes() | float() | iter() | print() | tuple() |
callable() | format() | len() | property() | type() |
chr() | frozenset() | list() | range() | vars() |
classmethod() | getattr() | locals() | repr() | zip() |
compile() | globals() | map() | reversed() | __import__() |
complex() | hasattr() | max() | round() |
|
delattr() | hash() | memoryview() | set() |
|
Most important builtins
Types are callable:
int()
float()
str()
list()
dict()
set()
bool()
frozenset()
bytes()
bytearray()
Introspection:
id()
dir()
type()
isinstance()
issubclass()
callable()
hash()
help()
__import__()
len()
,print()
abs()
,sum()
,max()
,min()
,pow()
,round()
range()
,sorted()
,reversed()
,enumerate()
,all()
,any()
open()
globals()
,locals()
, (not builtins but don't forget about:global
,nonlocal
)
Access to object attributes
getattr(obj, "attr_name"[, default])
hasattr(obj, "attr_name")
setattr(obj, "attr_name", value)
delattr(obj, "attr_name")
🪄 Code:
📟 Output:
🪄 Code:
📟 Output:
# Iterable and Iterator
Iterable is the source of data for iterator, usually - some sequence.
Iterator - an abstract object that is capable of yielding "next" item and raising
StopIteration
in the end.
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